The Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM), formerly known as the Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana, was launched in September 2013.
It aims to reduce urban poverty and enhance livelihood opportunities for the urban poor.
2. Coverage
Extends to all 4,041 statutory towns and cities, ensuring nearly universal coverage of India’s urban population.
Highlights
Economic development and urbanization are deeply intertwined, with cities in India emerging as key contributors to national economic growth, accounting for over 60% of GDP.
Urban Population Growth: As per the Census of 2011, India’s urban population reached 377 million, a 31% increase since 2001.
Workforce Composition: The 2007 report by the National Commission on Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector (NCEUS) highlighted that 92% of India’s workforce operated in the informal economy in 2004-05.
The urban informal sector constitutes a major portion of the unorganized non-agriculture sector, characterized by low education levels and limited access to emerging market opportunities.
Workers in the informal sector often face challenges like eviction, confiscation of goods, lack of social security, and poor working conditions.
Urban Poverty Dimensions: These vulnerabilities can be categorized into:
Residential vulnerability: Limited access to housing, basic services, and land.
Social vulnerability: Issues like gender inequality, lack of social protection, and exclusion from governance.
Occupational vulnerability: Precarious employment, lack of job security, and poor working conditions.
Certain groups like women, children, the elderly, SCs, STs, minorities, and differently-abled individuals are more susceptible to urban poverty.
Objectives
Alleviating Urban Poverty:
Enable access to self-employment and skill-based wage opportunities for the urban poor.
Build grassroots-level institutions for sustainable livelihood improvements.
Shelter Provision:
Offer shelters with essential services for the urban homeless in a phased manner.
Support for Street Vendors:
Address their livelihood concerns by providing space, credit access, social security, and skill training.
Guiding Principles
Recognizing the urban poor as inherently entrepreneurial with untapped potential to escape poverty.
Encouraging self-reliance and capacity-building through institution formation and handholding support.
Promoting transparency, accountability, and community ownership at all levels of implementation.
Ensuring Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) play a central role, as mandated by the 74th Amendment.
Strategy
Capacity Building:
Strengthen urban poor institutions and implementation mechanisms through training and support.
Livelihood Promotion:
Enhance existing livelihoods and create new opportunities through skills training and access to credit.
Support for Micro-Enterprises:
Facilitate the establishment of self-owned or group-based micro-enterprises.
Shelters for the Homeless:
Ensure the provision of permanent 24-hour shelters with basic facilities like water, sanitation, and security.
Cater to vulnerable segments like children, elderly, and disabled through specialized services.
Access to Rights and Entitlements:
Link the urban poor to food, healthcare, education, social security, and affordable housing programs.
Support for Street Vendors:
Provide suitable vending spaces, access to institutional credit, and skill enhancement to integrate street vendors into the market economy.
Components 1. Urban Component
Implemented by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (MoHUPA), focusing on urban poverty alleviation.
2. Rural Component
Overseen by the Ministry of Rural Development, focusing on skill development and livelihood generation in rural areas under the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY).
Values
Ownership and active participation by the urban poor in program processes.
Transparency and accountability in design and execution.
Collaboration with private sector, civil society, and industry stakeholders.
Promotion of self-reliance and mutual assistance within urban communities.
Emphasis on Convergence
Aligns with schemes addressing skill development, entrepreneurship, health, education, and social assistance.
Encourages partnerships with private entities for skill training, employment, and shelter operations.
Promotes coordinated efforts to address rural-urban migration challenges and their impact on urban livelihoods.
Key Takeaways DAY-NULM represents a multifaceted strategy to tackle urban poverty and ensure inclusive development. By addressing the unique challenges of urban homelessness, street vending, and unskilled labor, it empowers vulnerable groups and fosters self-reliance. Its alignment with other governmental programs and partnerships with private and community stakeholders ensure that it becomes a pivotal force in transforming urban India into a more equitable and prosperous society.
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